Communication. Communication functions

Purpose:Mastery of knowledge on the topic “Communication”

The task: to give an idea of the types, forms, functions, aspects of communication.

Everyone on the planet can talk. They speak different languages, but in any language the main task remains to help in understanding each other. Without language, it is impossible to develop society, science, technology, art.
Language is the main means of communication. It serves to express thought. Express your thoughts clearly, accurately and figuratively, what you need to learn. L.N. Tolstoy said: “To deal with a language – as – means to think something – as: inaccurate, approximately, wrong.”
What is communication? Answering this question is both easy and difficult. Communication is a socio-psychological phenomenon that not only accompanies a person throughout his life, but is also the most important condition for the formation of his personality. Communication is the basis of the existence of any society: it unites people into a single whole, ensures the coherence of their efforts, makes it possible to preserve and transmit group norms, traditions, traditions, that is, social experience, to subsequent generations. Communicating, we know the world; the need for communication is one of the most important human needs, loneliness is perceived by us as one of the greatest disasters. “Society” and “communication” are one-rooted words, because any society is nothing more than a system of different levels and forms of communication of people.

Communication is a complex social phenomenon, and although it is a holistic act, there are three aspects to it:

1. communicative side (communication ~ information transfer) is an exchange of information in the process of which knowledge, skills, emotions are transferred from person to person;

2. Perceptual side (perception – perception) is the perception of a person by a person and their mutual understanding;

3. The interactive side is the interaction of people with each other.

All communication consists of separate, relatively complete elements, which are called acts of communication or communicative acts. For example, a teacher asks a student a question and gets an answer. An individual act is usually part of a longer communication process.

Communications

The variety of life situations in which a person finds himself, and the variety of his social ties determines the variety of types of communication. An example is the classification of types of communication by level of contacts.

1. “Mask contact” is a formal communication, when a person does not seek to understand his partner and does not feel any feelings for him, but puts on a mask: a mask of politeness, participation, severity. This is especially common in the modern city, where contacts between people are numerous, but short-term and formal. A person is not able to get to know each partner well and seeks to rid himself of unnecessary emotions.
2. Formal role communication is communication within certain social roles (buyer - seller, doctor - patient, teacher - student, etc.), when a person chooses forms and means of communication. Based on your social role and the role of your partner. This type of communication also does not require people to know the personal qualities of each other, but is based on their knowledge of models of commanding certain social roles.
3. Primitive communication is characterized by the fact that the partner is evaluated by the degree of usefulness: if he is perceived as necessary, then he shows interest and desire to learn his individual characteristics, strengths and weaknesses; carefully chosen forms and means of communication. If there is no need to interact with this person, then he is simply rejected and is not considered as a possible communication partner.
4. Manipulative communication is close to primitive. It is aimed at extracting benefits from communication with this person. In this case, the interlocutor is usually interested, personal characteristics are taken into account, emotions are demonstrated, but all this pursues only one goal - manipulating the partner. .
5. Business communication involves serious relations between partners, taking into account the individual characteristics of each other, but the interests of the case are not put in the first place.
6. Secular communication. It's pointless. The main purpose of this type of communication is to maintain contacts. People in the process of secular communication come into contact because it is customary to say not what they think or feel, but what is accepted in a given situation.
7. Spiritual or interpersonal communication is the communication of friends and loved ones connected by relations of sympathy. An important role in it is played by emotions, which determine the nature of communication and the chosen means. The basis of this type of communication is people’s knowledge of each other’s personal qualities and understanding of emotional states.

Communication functions

Occupying an important place in the life of both an individual and society as a whole, communication performs various functions:

1. communication function – transmission of information;
2. Perceptual function – perception and understanding of people;
3. Interactive function – the interaction of people in a group:
4. Coordination function – organization of joint activities;
5. function of social control - in the process of communication not only the formation of social norms and their assimilation, but also control over their implementation;
6. function of intergroup interaction;
7. affiliation function.

Affiliation is identification with a group, a sense of belonging to a certain society.
How do you talk?

A memorial.

1. In a conversation, try to touch on a topic that may interest your interlocutor.
2. Talk less about yourself. Do not imitate those narcissistic chatterboxes who are ready to interrupt any interesting story with the phrase: “And here I am..., and here I am...” Tell us more about the book you are currently reading, the movie you saw, the exhibition or the sporting events you attended.
3. Learn to listen carefully to the interlocutor. Don't interrupt him until he finishes his story. Listen to what he wanted to say to the end, and then object if you disagree. The more attentive you listen, the more pleasant it will be for people to talk to you.
4. Do not try to speak louder than the interlocutor. It is unprofitable for you, too: he who speaks without raising his voice, is listened to more attentively than to a shouter.
5. If you are interrupted in conversation, do not try to silence the interruptor, but shut up and listen to his objections. If you both talk at the same time, he won’t hear you or you will.
6. When talking, look at the interlocutor, but do not grab his hand, do not rub the button, do not slap on the shoulder. You need to be able to attract with words, not with hands.
7. Do not litter the language with meaningless expressions, such as “iron”, “flavor”, invented by stileags, do not decorate your language with swearing. This will cause the squeamish contempt of others.
8. Respect the interlocutor. Do not offend him in a disparaging or mocking tone. The speech of a cultured person is calm, friendly, expressive.

Now let's try to solve some of the problems we have during communication.

Task 1.

A handsome, lively woman enters the tram accompanied by an officer. Seeing her, the girl rises:
- Please sit down!
- Come on. Thank you! Don't...
- Sit down, sit down. I always give way to the elderly.
The vivacity on the woman’s face fades, and she, turning away from the girl, goes on.
- Why was the girl's polite act not accepted?
Delicacy and tact are necessary in communication, that is, a sense of proportion, the ability to put yourself in the place of another person, to understand his feeling.

Mission 2.

Three friends sat down in the yard on a bench: Katya, Zina and Olya. Ole needs to tell Katya something secret that concerns only the two of them. Can we do that right away?

Task 3.

I'll start and you go ahead and write down the sentence.
Do not interrupt a talking companion or adult.
First of all, it shows ...................... (disrespect to him and to whom he speaks). Second, he will not hear you or understand you.

Task 4

A friend came to my older sister, she is studying to become a dentist. We drank tea. I remembered and said, "Look what a big hole I have in my tooth!" and I showed it.
My sister almost ate me, and my mother complained that I was ill-mannered. What did I do? I didn't say the worst thing to anyone!

Task 5.

Is it true that if someone sneezes, you can not say “be healthy”? A lot of people say you can?
In letters on the radio, the guys ask: Every day we meet the housemates, then the postman, in the store - the seller who worked here a long time ago.
At school we meet teachers who do not teach us.
Do you need to say hello to each of these people? They don't know us.
You may not know them personally, but they may know you. Those you meet often should be welcomed.
In the children's newspaper in the rubric "Mirror" was placed a letter written by a girl from Nizhnekamsk.
“In our class, some boys and girls swear with swear words. I'm ashamed to even write about it. At first, I tried to do something, tried to shame the motherfuckers, persuaded the girls, and I was simply offered to leave class, “because I have such tender ears.” And I gave up. No, I don’t swear myself, but I feel that I no longer react to rudeness as before. What do I do next? I'm afraid I won't be friends.
Discussion of the letter, statements of the guys
Here is what the boys from the circle “Grenada” of the Arkhangelsk region, the village of Koryazhma wrote in response to this girl (see the newspaper).
“In our section there were two girls: Marijka and Lena. We began to notice that Lena was fighting. We tried to stop her, but in the end we had only Marijka. But what a girl! No one heard a rude word from her. And with her, none of us will turn his tongue to be rude, she will be so sandy! Moving, witty! She studies well, is engaged in fencing, understands music and technology - a real modern girl! And the girls who behave loosely, swear, smoke, call names, we boys despise.”
- As you can see, in our daily life, due to the lack of speech culture, many problems arise when communicating.

6. reflection
What is communication?
Name three sides of communication.
What kinds of communication do you know?
How does verbal communication differ from non-verbal communication?
What is a “communicative act”?
What are the functions of communication

7. Homework.

Perform any three tasks to choose from.

1. Choose examples from classical literature that characterize each type of communication.
2. "Soul relocation." If the thesis of transmigration of souls were true, into what or who would you want to incarnate in the next life?
3. Weather report. Describe your mood in the form of a weather report.
4. "Devise." Almost all of us have a memory or phrase that can support us in difficult times. What statement or catch phrase would you take for your motto?
5. My parents and their favorite sayings. What are the “winged expressions” of your parents you remember in which situations they used them?
6. "Who am I?" Answer this question five times.

Literature used:

1. A. Dorokhov “It is worth remembering”
2. L. Grigoryan “My language is my friend”
3. L.Bushmelev “Let’s talk about politeness”
4. ABC of morality
5. L. Aleshin “On politeness, tact, delicacy”

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