Communication. Communication functions

Target - mastering Knowledge on Communication

Task: to give a concept of types, forms, functions, aspects of communication.

All people on our planet can speak They speak different languages, but in any language the main task remains to help understand each other when communicating. Without language, the development of society, science, technology, and art is impossible.
Language - the primary means of communication It serves to express thought - You must always express your thought clearly, accurately and figuratively, what you need to learn L.N. Tolstoy said: "Treating language is something - how - means and thinking something - how: inaccurate, approximately, incorrect"
What is communication? It is both easy and very difficult to answer this question Communication is such a socio-psychological phenomenon that not only accompanies a person all his life, but is also an essential condition for the formation of his personality Communication is the basis of the existence of any society: it unites people into a whole, ensures the coherence of their efforts, makes possible the preservation and transmission of group norms, traditions, traditions, traditions, traditions, that is, social experience, to subsequent generations Communicating, we know the world; the need for communication is one of the most important needs of a person, loneliness is perceived by us as one of the greatest disasters "Society and Communication" are monogeneric words, because any society is nothing more than a system of different levels and forms of communication between people.

Communication is a complex social phenomenon and, although it is a holistic act, three sides can be identified

1. the communicative side (communication ~ information transfer) is an exchange of information in which knowledge, skills, emotions are transmitted from person to person;

2. the perceptual side (perception - perception) is a person's perception of a person and their mutual understanding;

3. interactive side - people interacting with each other.

Any communication consists of separate, relatively complete elements, which are called acts of communication or communicative acts, for example, the teacher asks the student a question and receives an answer. The individual act is generally part of a longer communication process.

Types of communication

The variety of life situations in which a person finds himself and the diversity of his social connections also determines the variety of types of communication. As an example, we can cite the classification of types of communication by level of contacts.

1. "Mask contact" is formal communication where a person does not seek to understand their partner and does not have any feelings for them, but rather wears a mask: a mask of politeness, participation, rigor. This communication s.ide is especially common in a modern city where people-to-people contacts are numerous but short-lived and formal. A person is unable to get to know each partner well and strives to rid himself of unnecessary emotions.
2. Formal role communication is communication within certain social roles (buyer - seller, doctor - sick, teacher - student, etc.), when a person chooses forms and means of communication. Based on his social role and the role of his partner. This type of communication also does not require people to know each other’s personal qualities, but is based on their knowledge of models of command of certain social roles.
3. Primitive communication is distinguished by the fact that the partner is assessed according to the degree of usefulness: if he is perceived as necessary, then interest and desire are shown in him to know his individual characteristics, strengths and weaknesses; forms and means of communication are carefully selected. If there is no need to interact with this person, then he is simply rejected and not considered as a possible communication partner.
4. Manipulative communication is close to primitive. It aims to benefit from communication with a given person. In this case, the interlocutor tends to be interested, personal characteristics are taken into account, emotions are demonstrated, but all this has only one goal - manipulating the partner..
5. Business communication involves serious relationships between partners, taking into account each other’s individual characteristics, but what comes first is not interest in the person, but the interests of the business.
6. Secular communication Its essence is non-objectivity The main purpose of this type of communication is to maintain contact People in the process of secular communication come into contact because it is so accepted, say not what they think or feel, but what is accepted in a given situation.
7. Spiritual or interpersonal communication is communication between friends and loved ones connected by a relationship of sympathy. Emotions play a large role in it, which determine both the nature of communication and the means chosen. The basis of this type of communication is people’s knowledge of each other’s personal qualities and understanding of emotional states.

Communication functions

Occupying an important place in the life of both the individual and society as a whole, communication performs a variety of functions:

1. communicative function - information transfer;
2. perceptual function - people's perception and understanding;
3. interactive function - interaction of people in a group:
4. coordination function - organization of joint activities;
5. function of social control - in the process of communication, not only are social norms formed and assimilated, but also their implementation is monitored;
6. intergroup interaction function;
7. affiliation function.

Affiliation is identifying oneself with a group, a sense of belonging to a certain society.
How to have a conversation?

Memo

1. In a conversation, try to touch on a topic that may be of interest to your interlocutor.
2. Talk less about yourself Don't imitate those narcissistic talkers who are willing to interrupt any interesting story with the phrase: "Here I am..., but here I have..." Tell me better about the book you are reading now, the movie you saw, the exhibition or the sports competitions you attended.
3. Learn to listen carefully to your interlocutor. Don't interrupt him until he finishes his story. Listen to what he wanted to say to the end, and then object if you don't agree. The more attentively you listen, the more pleasant it will be for people to talk to you.
4. don't try to speak louder than your interlocutor. It's not profitable for you either: whoever speaks without raising his voice is listened to more carefully than a screamer.
5. If you are interrupted in a conversation, do not try to drown out the interrupter, but shut up and listen to his objections. After all, if you both speak at the same time, neither he will hear you nor you will hear him.
6. When talking, look at your interlocutor, but don’t grab his hand, don’t pull a button, don’t slap him on the shoulder. You need to be able to attract with words, not hands.
7. Don't clog your tongue with meaningless expressions like: Iron, Ladas invented by dudes, don't decorate your tongue with curses. By doing this you will evoke the disgusting contempt of others.
8. Respect the interlocutor Don't offend him in a dismissive or mocking tone The speech of a cultured person is calm, friendly, expressive.

Now let's try to solve some problems that arise during communication.

Task 1.

A dressed-up, lively woman enters the tramway accompanied by an officer. Seeing her, the girl rises:
- Sit down, please!
- Well, what are you. Thank you! Don't...
- Sit down, sit down. I always give way to seniors.
The excitement on the woman’s face fades, and she, turning away from the girl, moves on.
- Why was the girl's polite act not accepted?
Delicacy and tact are necessary in communication, i.e. a sense of proportion, the ability to put oneself in the place of another person, to understand his feeling.

Task 2.

Three girlfriends sat down on a bench in the yard: Katya, Zina and Olya. Olya needs to tell Katya a secret about what concerns only the two of them. Can this be done right there?

Task 3.

I'll start, and you'll continue and write down the sentence
Do not interrupt a talking comrade or an adult.
Firstly, this shows ............(disrespect for him and for the one he speaks to). Secondly, he........(he simply won’t hear or understand you).

Task 4

A friend came to see my older sister, she's studying to be a dentist. We drank tea. I remembered and said, "Look how huge a hole I have in my tooth!" and showed.
My sister almost ate me later, complained to my mother that I was ill-mannered. What did I do? I didn’t say a bad word to anyone!

Task 5.

Is it true that if someone sneezes, you can’t say "be healthy"? And many say that it’s possible?
In letters on the radio, the guys ask: "Every day we meet our housemates, then the postman, in the store - a salesperson who has been working here for a long time".
At school we meet teachers who do not teach us.
Do each of these people need to be greeted? After all, they don’t know us
You may not know them personally, but they may know you. Those you meet often should be welcomed
A letter written by a girl from Nizhnekamsk was published in the children's newspaper in the "Mirror" section.
"In our class, some boys and girls swear in swear words. I'm ashamed to even write about it. At first I tried to do something, tried to shame the foul-mouthed, persuaded the girls, and I was simply offered to leave the class, "since my ears are so tender" And I gave up. No, I don’t swear myself, but I feel like I don’t react to rudeness anymore, like before. What should I do next? I'm afraid they won't be friends with me.
Discussion of the letter, statements from the guys
This is what the boys from the Grenada circle in the Arkhangelsk region, village, wrote in response to this girl. Koryazhma (see newspaper).
"There were two girls in our section: Mariyka and Lena. We began to notice that Lena was swearing. We tried to stop her, but in the end we had only Mariyka left. But what a girl!" No one heard a rude word from her. And in front of her, none of us would turn our tongues to be rude, she would choke like that! Agile, witty! Studying well, fencing, understanding music and technique - a real modern girl! And girls who behave cheekily, swear, smoke, call names, we boys, despise"
- As you can see, in our daily lives, due to lack of speech culture, there are many problems in communication.

6, Reflection
What is communication?
Name three sides of communication.
What types of communication do you know?
How is verbal communication different from nonverbal communication?
What is a "communication act"?
What functions does communication perform

7 Homework

Complete any three tasks to choose from.

1. Select examples from classical literature that characterize each type of communication.
2. "Soul Relocation" If the thesis of soul relocation were true, what or who would you like to incarnate in your next life?
3. "Weather Summary" Describe your mood in weather report form.
4. "Motto" Virtually every one of us has a memory or phrase that is capable of supporting us in times of need What saying or catchphrase would you take for your motto?
5. "My parents and their favorite sayings" What are your parents' "winged expressions" do you remember in what situations they used them?
6. "Who Am I?" Answer this question five times.

Literature used:

1. A. Dorokhov "It's worth remembering"
2. L.Grigoryan "My language - my friend"
3. L. Bushmeleva "Let's talk about politeness"
4. ABC of morality
5. L. Aleshina "On politeness, tact, delicacy"

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