Lesson summary on Recent history on the topic: "Culture and art of the first half of the 20th century" (9th grade)

I offer a lesson summary that will help introduce students to the development of art culture in the first half of the 10th century. This is a lesson in learning new material.

Objectives:

- to introduce students to the main areas of culture and art in the first half of the 20th century;
- get acquainted with the main cultural achievements of the first half of the 20th century;
- develop the ability to analyze information, be able to express your thoughts, speak out

Equipment: presentation, computer, multimedia board

Methods: conversation, story

Lesson progress

1. Org. beginning of the lesson

2, Homework Check

3 Message of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
- in past lessons, we studied with you the features of the development of many European and eastern countries. Today we will talk about the development of culture, get acquainted with the main directions of development of culture and art of the first half of the 20th century.
(slide 3)

Lesson plan:

4, Study of new material.
1) teacher's story:
(slide 4 - 5)
- At the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries, new discoveries emerged in unraveling the mysteries of the microworld The discovery of elementary particles and the penetration of the mysteries of matter was already then called a revolution in natural science, because they led to a revision of previous ideas about matter and the universe in general.

- In the first third of the 20th century, scientists penetrated the mystery of the structure of the atom (an electron, proton, positron and neutron were discovered) and by the end of the 1930s they had approached the practical development of atomic energy

- Einstein's theory of relativity has changed the understanding of space, time and motion.
(slide 6)
- in the first half of the 20th century, the foundations of the science of genetics were laid. Microbiology and the pharmaceutical industry achieved great success.

- The classical (Newtonian) scientific picture of the world has been replaced by a new - non-classical picture of the world It places a special place on chance (indeterminism): man - a grain of sand in the world of random atoms, while at the same time the description of the picture of the world depends on the position of man.
- The works of pro-life philosophy advocates A. Schopenhauer and F. Nietzsche became popular, who called for recognition of the irrational (inaccessible to reason) aspects of human psyche behavior and behavior.
(slide 7) Sigmund Freud's works on psychoanalysis are becoming popular and have gone far beyond the scope of psychotherapeutic treatment in their significance.
The doctrine of unconscious motives, attractions, has become not only a method of restoring the mental balance of patients, but also tools of artistic creativity. His teachings formed the basis of many works on philosophy, history, art and literature.
(slide 8) The teachings of the French philosopher A. Bergson were of great importance for understanding the characteristics of artistic creativity and knowledge.
(slide 9) Late XIX - Early XX CENTURY Sociology - the science of community development and people's social behavior - is gaining popularity in Europe and the United States Works are becoming popular
M. Weber

(slide 10) In the early 20th century, the problems of studying human consciousness were posed differently. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, sociology developed in Europe and the USA - the science of various aspects of the development of societies and social behavior of people

2 Features of artistic culture.
(slide 11) The culture of the first half of the 20th century can be divided into 3 periods

1st period (1900-1914):

1. Dubbed Decadence - Decadence
2. A crisis is an element of growth, development, combining the death of the old and the birth of the new
3. Time for ups, talents, new ideas

2 period 20-30s:

1. Entirely new phenomena and events have had an impact;
2. Fascism and the growing threat of war contributed to the outflow of the creative intelligentsia
3. Hood. the world moved to New York

Art historians date the beginning of a new period in the development of culture from the late 1880s, which was called "modernism" (modern), and its end is considered to be the 1960s. But culture does not stand still, but is constantly developing and many directions are emerging, which we will now get acquainted with.

(slide 12) The conclusions of the new era and ideological quests formed the basis of a new direction - neo-romanticism, which sought to synthesize and comprehend the past of European and world culture.

Symbolism

(slide 13) One of the largest trends in art (in literature, music and painting), which arose in France in the 1870s and 80s. and reached its greatest development at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, primarily in France, Belgium and Russia itself. Symbolists radically changed not only various types of art, but also the attitude towards it. Their experimental character, desire for innovation, cosmopolitanism and a wide range of influences became a model for most modern trends of art. Symbolists used symbols, understatement, hints, mystery, mystery. The main mood captured by the symbolists was pessimism, reaching the point of despair. Everything "natural" seemed only "visibility" that had no independent artistic meaning.
(slide 14) The pioneers in this direction in music were R. Vanger, in literature - S. Baudelaire, P. Verlaine, S. Mallarmé.

(slide 15) Symbolism has its own characteristics:
(1) Suggests a combination of real and mysterious, social and individual, an appeal to myths, a search for mystical revelation
2) Underlying - symbol
3) The center was the cult of Eternal Femininity - as a symbol and earthly image of the highest perfection
(slide 16) In the visual arts, symbolism is represented by the following artists: Audrey Beardsley (England)
(slide 17) Puvie de Chavannes (France)
(slide 18) Gustav Klimt
(slide 19) Arnold Böcklin

(slide 20-21)
- In the early 20th century, a new kind of synthetic art - cinema is starting to gain more popularity - Movie stars - Andre Deed Max Linder Charles Chaplin, Mary Pickford - gained worldwide popularity Movies have become mass art and part of the emerging popular culture.
(slide 22) The first direction of painting in modern times was impressionism The direction that appeared in the last third of the 19th century, seeking to convey elusive changes in nature, the movement of light in the air, was written with fractional strokes
Prominent representatives of this area are:
(slide 23) Edouard Manet
(slide 24) Edgar Degas
(slide 25 - 26) Auguste Renoir
(slide 27 - 28) Camille Pissarro
(slide 29 -30) Claude Monet

(slide 31) Further searches in the visual arts led to the emergence of post-impressionism.
(slide 32) The largest representative of this movement was V. Van Gogh  (slide 33-34) Paul Cezanne, (slide 35) Paul Gauguin

(slide 36) Cubism This is an avant-garde movement in painting of the early 20th century, whose representatives depicted the world in the form of geometric signs and compositional structures, deforming the appearance of real objects
(slide 37) - representatives of the Cubist movement were the French artist P. Picasso and J. Braque. Representatives of Cubism depicted the world in the form of geometric signs and compositional structures, deforming the appearance of real objects.
(slide 38) A current in French painting of the early 20th century, based on bright contrasting colors.
(slide 39) - Representatives
(slide 40) expressionism - An artistic direction of the 20th century, which is characterized by a subjective perception of reality, a deformed image of the real world, hypertrophy of experiences and rapture of despair
(slide 41) - Representatives
(slide 42) Neoprimitivism - characterized by an interest in the East, children's creativity, self-taught art, ancient rock art.
Masters of this movement - professional artists who consciously turned to primitive forms of art. Among them, A. Russo, N. Pirosmanashvili, M.F. Larionov, N.S. Goncharov and others occupy a special place.

(slide 43) Abstract expressionism - the peculiar contribution of Russian art to world avant-gardeism Founder - V.V. Kandinsky This direction is characterized by the rejection of the representation of real objects and the creation of an image based on the self-sufficient expressiveness of color. Lines, forms.
(slide 44) Suprematism - one of the movements of abstract art belongs to the type of geometric abstraction
(slide 45) Dadaism - extreme avant-garde current It is characterized by the denial of existing art forms, the use of collage techniques, the creation of absurd works.
(slide 46) Surrealism An avant-garde movement in the art of the 20th century, whose representatives turned to dreams, automatic consciousness, and the subconscious.

4, Literature
Page 131 - 132

5, Summing up the lesson

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