Summary of a lesson in Russian history on the topic: "Power and the Church. Church schism" (7th grade)

Lesson objective: form in students an idea of the role of the Orthodox Church in the life of the Russian state in the 17th century.
- to highlight problems in the relationship between the state and the church;
- to find out the causes and aftermath of the church schism;

Equipment: computer, presentation, multimedia screen, homework check cards.

Basic concepts: church, patriarch, Old Believers, schism, archpriest.

Lesson progress

1. Org. beginning of the lesson.
2, Homework Check.
Fill in the passes.

Option 1.
1. The first Russian tsar of the new dynasty was ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The young king's decisions were greatly influenced by his mother ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The new king loved _____________________ and spent a lot of money acquiring them.
4 .The new king was popularly nicknamed _________________________________________________________
5. That second marriage to Natalya Naryshkin, the young tsar had a son ________________________________
6. Gradually, _________________________________________
7. The increase in national territories has increased the number of ______________
8. The king put ______________________________
Option 2.
1 By the beginning of Mikhail Fedorovich's reign, he had reached ___________ years.
2 As he ascended the throne, the new king promised not to rule without boyars and _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 - After the death of Mikhail Romanov, his son ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Alexey had 13 children FROM his first marriage to Maria Miloslavskaya, including sons ___________________ and ________________________, and a daughter ______________________
5 - The last Zemsky Sobor was convened in ____________ year.
6 Subsequently, the "________________________________" Duma stood out from the Boyar Duma
7. in the 17th century, the main administrative units remained ____________________, which were divided into smaller units ____________________ and ______________________________.
8 In 1649, a new law code was created, which was called ___________________________________________________________________________________.

Keys:

3 Message of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
- There are many periods in our country's history that are very enlightening. One such period was the time of the split. The word split has for centuries preserved horror in people's hearts and left its mark on the fates of many families. Our task today is to deal with this phenomenon in the life of the country, to learn from what happened to prevent these terrible events from happening again. During the lesson, we will fill out a table: "The main changes that have occurred in church rituals and worship" Was the reform of the church justified in the eyes of the people? Was it needed by the country or individuals?

Lesson plan: (p. 2)

1.The Church after the Troubles.
2.Patriarch Filaret.
3.Reform of Patriarch Nikon.
4, The intensification of the divisions between ecclesiastical and secular power.
5 - Church Council 1666 - 1667.
6.Protopop Habakkuk.

4, Study of new material.
(1) The teacher's conversation and story:
1, The Church after the Troubles.
- Let's remember what role the church plays in human life?
- What was the position of the church during the years of Troubles? (heavy)
- What path did the clergy choose for themselves during the reign of False Dmitry? (Some of the clergy, led by Patriarch Ignatius, supported False Dmitry 1, and the patriarch himself crowned him to the kingdom. However, most of the clergy showed examples of high service to the Fatherland and the Russian Orthodox Church.)
- How did Poles behave in Moscow? (destroyed, robbed, burned)

- The Troubles were a severe test for the church as well. Poles who were in Moscow during the Troubles not only looted church utensils and desecrated the relics of saints, but also destroyed almost all 450 Moscow churches during the retreat. A massive phenomenon was the killing of church ministers and taking them hostage. Among the prisoners was the actual head of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Filaret. But all this did not break, but, on the contrary, strengthened the spiritual strength of believers in the clergy.

2. Patriarch Filaret.
(spl. 3) After an 8-year stay in Polish captivity, Tsar Michael's father Metropolitan Filaret returned to Moscow in 1619. he was elected by the participants of the church Council as the new Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'. Under him, the role and importance of the church in the life of the state increased significantly.
- Why? he was essentially the second king: all reports on state affairs were heard jointly by the Tsar and Patriarch, and Michael never made decisions without his father's consent It also happened that on purely state matters orders were given by one patriarch.
- The main thing Filaret managed to achieve is to strengthen the authority and power of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich However, many issues of a church nature were never resolved under him, among them the main issue was the renewal of church books and rituals.

3, Reform of Patriarch Nikon.
(s. 4) In the mid-17th century, it became clear that in Russian church books, copied by hand from century to century, there were many inventories and distortions of the text in comparison with the original. Many doubts were raised by the customs of polyphony during church services, when everyone prayed using different prayers and baptisms with their fingers.
(spl. 5) Believers are divided on this issue.
(1) Some suggested correcting church books and rites by returning to ancient Russian rites.
(2) Others felt that reference should not be made to books of a century ago, but to the Greek sources themselves, from which they had corresponded in their time.

(clause 6) He was elected as the new head of the Russian Orthodox Church Nikon - Metropolitan of Novgorod. He was tasked with carrying out church reform.
(2) Textbook work:
- Let's get acquainted with the biography of Patriarch Nikon. pp.57-58.
(sl. 7)
In 1653 - 55, the implementation of church reform began. was introduced:

- How do you think the population perceived these innovations?
- These changes have caused protest wide sections of the population In addition, the outbreak of war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was regarded by ordinary people as God's punishment for violating church traditions. Convened in 1654, the Church Council approved the reform, but proposed to bring the current rituals in accordance not only with Greek, but also with Russian tradition.

4, The intensification of the divisions between ecclesiastical and secular power.
(spl. 8)
The new patriarch was a wayward, strong-willed, and even fanatical man. Having gained immense power over believers, he soon came up with the idea of primacy of church power over royal power and invited Alexei Mikhailovich to share power with him, following the example of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and Patriarch Filaret.
- How do you think Mikhail Fedorovich reacted to such a proposal?
- These are the patriarch's statements and moralizing the Tsar didn't want to endure for long. He stopped going to patriarchal services at the Assumption Cathedral, inviting Nikon to state receptions. It was a serious blow to the Patriarch's pride. During one of the sermons at the Assumption Cathedral, he announced his resignation as patriarchal and retired to the Resurrection Monastery. There, Nikon began to expect the Tsar to repent and ask him to return to Moscow. However, Alexei Mikhailovich acted completely differently. He began to prepare a church trial of Nikon, for which he invited Orthodox patriarchs from other countries to Moscow.

4) Textbook work:
Page 59 - "Church Cathedral"
- Let's read about how Nikon's Church trial took place.

5) teacher's story:
6, Archpriest Habakkuk.
Archpriest Avvakum acted as an outstanding leader of the Old Believers.
- Let's write down the definition:
(s. 9)

Protopop - common name for senior Orthodox priest.

(spl. 10) From a young age devoted to the church, he was an active supporter and righteous man of the pious way of life. Nikon's reforms were received sharply negatively. For his views, he was deprived of his place in the Moscow Kazan Cathedral, and then arrested and imprisoned in a monastery. Later, Avvakum was exiled with his family to Siberia.

(s. 11)
Wherever fate threw him, Habakkuk was active in promoting Old Believer ideas and principles In 1664 he returned to Moscow, where the Tsar and other acquaintances vainly urged him to accept ecclesiastical reform For his refusal at the church Council of 1666 - 1667, Habakkuk was put to church curses and stripped of his priests, and then re-imprisoned For his recalcitrance and intransigence, Habakkuk was condemned by the church Council of 1681 - 1682 to Execution on 11 April 1862 "the frantic archpriest" and his companions were burned alive.

Thus, the church, which had strengthened its position after the Troubles, tried to take a dominant position in the country's political system. However, in the context of the strengthening of the autocracy, this led to a conflict between the authorities and the church. The defeat of the church in this clash paved the way for its transformation into an appendage of state power.

5, Summing up the lesson
Questions on page 60
6, Homework:
Paragraph 7, questions, notes, repeat terms, workbook.

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