A quiz on the history of arithmetic (5-6 class)

Designed for students of grades 5-6 (for children 11-13 years), but may be interesting for older children and their parents.
The quiz contains interesting questions about the history of arithmetic. It allows students to deepen their knowledge, teaches them to independently find the information they are interested in, instills interest in such a serious and at the same time interesting subject as mathematics.
Questions of the quiz can be used separately as historical pages in lessons, as well as during extracurricular activities in mathematics.

1. Who said, “Mathematics is the queen of science and arithmetic the queen of mathematics?”
2. Is the name “Arabic numerals” correct for our modern numerals?
3. Why was the method of division that we now use called “golden division” in the Middle Ages?
4. What books M. V. Lomonosov called "the gates of his learning"?
5. Who said, “The thought of expressing all numbers in nine characters, giving them, besides meaning in form, a meaning in place, is so simple that it is because of this simplicity that it is difficult to understand how amazing it is.”
6. How did you get acquainted with Russian accounts in Western Europe?
7. Who is considered the inventor of decimal fractions?
8. What is abacus? What is the explanation of this word?
9. What are sticks? Nepera?
10. This mathematician was the first to divide numbers into even and odd, simple and composite. What's the scientist's last name?
11. Which European city has Pythagoras Street?
12. A well-known mathematician who, as a young boy, found a beautiful key to finding the sum: 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 998 + 999 + 1000. At the age of 9, he orally solved problems requiring complex calculations, which the teacher asked them. Mathematical computation replaced his usual childhood games.
13. The Dutch mathematician who was the first to recognize 0 as the root of the equation and therefore the number.
14. To two one, that is three,
    Two to three, five.
    Keep it up,
    Take the table apart.
    Don't lie.
    That's great.
    To know,
    Artificially.
    To what famous mathematician does this poetic rule of memorizing a table of addition belong? In what work is it given?
15. Who introduced the real alphabetic symbolism into mathematics?
16. Name the oldest of the Russian length measures.
17. Which famous Russian poet owns the words "Another hryvnia of copper is more expensive than a hundred rubles"?
18. Central Asian famous mathematician, poet, philosopher, astronomer. In 1079, he made a new calendar. Mathematical calculations of his calendar were used for the French revolutionary calendar in the late 18th century.

{module Google_kvadrat}

Answers:

1. These words were said by the famous mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), who worked a lot in the field of number theory.
2. However, it is more correct to call them “Indian” because modern numerals and modern numerals were invented in India. Arab tribes that inhabited the Arabian Peninsula seized a number of small neighboring states, and by the 8th century extended their power westward to Spain and Portugal, and eastward to India. In the east, the Arabs borrowed from the Indians the art of building and counting. The Indian numeral system spread from the Arabs to Europe, and the numerals were called "Arabic".
3. Before the introduction of the Indian numeral and zero system in Europe, the action of division was a very difficult operation. There were many different ways of dividing, and each was very cumbersome. In the Middle Ages there was even a scientific degree of “master division”. Therefore, when the Indian method (the modern method of division) was introduced in Europe, it was called “golden”.
4. M. V. Lomonosov called “the gates of his learning” “Arithmetic” by L. F. Magnitsky and “Grammar” by M. G. Smotritsky. Magnitsky’s book (1703) is the first original Russian textbook on mathematics. It contained the beginnings of mathematical knowledge of the time: arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry; most of its author devoted to arithmetic. For 50 years, the book was the “gate of learning” for Russian youth, who sought education.
5. These are the words of the famous French astronomer, mathematician and physicist Pierre Simon Laplace (1749-1827).
6. Russian accounts brought to France and wrote about them French mathematician Jean Victor Poncelet (1788-1867), who was in Russia in captivity after the Patriotic war of 1812. He was fascinated by the simplicity and convenience of this device and contributed to its distribution in Europe.
7. The inventor of decimal fractions is considered to be the Dutch mathematician Simon Stevin (1620-1648).
8. Abak is a counting board of the ancient Greeks and Romans, which was then used for arithmetic calculations in Western Europe until the 18th century. The principle of the device is similar to our accounts. According to some sources, the word "abak" - of Hebrew origin, means "dust", "sand", and suggests that at first sand was poured on the board, and the considered pebbles were put into grooves made in the sand.
9. "Sticks." Neper is a multiplication calculator invented by the Scottish mathematician John Naper (1550-1617).
10. Pythagoras.
11. Amsterdam.
12. Carl Gauss. Born in 1777, he became one of the greatest mathematicians.
13. Dutch mathematician Girard.
14. This verse rule of memorizing a table of addition belongs to the scientist mathematician L. F. Magnitsky. It is given in his book Arithmetic (1703).
15. The introduction to mathematics of true letter symbolism is the merit of the Frenchman François Viet (1540-1603).
16. The oldest of the Russian length measures are the elbow and the soot. The length of the elbow was considered "from the elbow to the anterior joint of the middle finger." The first mention of a seedling equal to three cubits is in the chronicle under 1017. Fly soot was called the distance between the ends of the fingers of the outstretched hands. The distance from the heel of the left foot to the end of the fingers raised up the right hand.
17. N. A. Nekrasov. The poem "Who in Russia to live well."
18. Omar Khayyam (1048-1122). .

Literature used:

1. And. Me, Depman. History of Arithmetic. – M. “Education”, 1965
2. S. Akimova. Interesting math. St. Petersburg. Trigon, 1997.
3. Tasks and exercises to develop the creative imagination of students. - M. "Education", 1985.