Chemist teacher
IBOU "Water Sosh,"
c. Wad Nizhny Novgorod region.
Purpose:development of students’ cognitive interest in chemical science, expanding the horizons of students, increasing the level of their culture.
The questions of the quiz are related to the history of the discovery of gases, interesting facts, the origin of their names.
The quiz can be used not only after school hours, but also in chemistry classes to update the knowledge of students in the study of gases in grades 9, 10.
Gas chemistry quiz.
The concept of “gas” was first introduced into science in 1609 by the Dutch physician and alchemist J. B. van Helmont to refer to the “dead air” (carbon dioxide) he received. “I call this vapor gas because it is almost indistinguishable from the chaos of the ancients.” From Nederl. gas, goes back to other Greek χάος.
1. English chemist Humphrey Davy performed thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate. As he later recalled, his assistant leaned too close to the installation and several times inhaled gas with a pleasant smell coming out of the retort. Suddenly, the assistant broke out with unreasonable laughter, started dancing, singing songs. What gas did Davy get?
2. Since the time of Homer, this oxide is known - a colorless gas with a pungent smell. Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian (23-79 AD), mentioned in his writings the gaseous oxide that destroys infection and harmful insects. The same oxide caused Pliny's death during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. These days, this compound is released into the atmosphere with the smoke of thermal power plants and metallurgical plants and is the cause of “acid rain”.
3. To obtain this oxide in solid form, it is enough to take it in a liquid state and ... pour directly into a paper bag. This is a white powder that street ice cream vendors are familiar with. This oxide honestly serves people: it is well known by those who at least once used a fire extinguisher or drank carbonated water. And the Dutch scientist Jan Helmont in 1620 discovered this oxide, released by the action of acids on limestone, during fermentation, breathing, and also during the combustion of coal and called it “forest gas”.
4. This gas was obtained by the interaction of metals with acids. In the XVI - XVIII centuries the properties of this gas, its combustion, were observed by such scientists as Paracelsus, Boyle and other scientists of that time. The medieval physician and scientist Paracelsus, studying the interaction of iron with sulfuric acid, obtained a gas that he called “combustible air”. Later, Antoine Lavoisier obtained the same gas when water interacted with hot iron. What is this gas?
5. The first researchers who tried to obtain this gas – non-metal – paid a cruel price for their health. As soon as this non-metal came into contact with hydrogen, strong explosions occurred, even water burned in it.
6. This gas has a yellow-green color. Translated into Russian from Greek literally translates as yellow-green.
7. The history of the discovery and the name of this gas began in 1868, when during the observation of a solar eclipse, astronomers P. J. Jansen and the Englishman D. N. Lockyer independently discovered a yellow line in the spectrum of the solar corona, which could not be attributed to any of the then known elements. In 1871 Lockyer explained its origin by the presence of a new element on the Sun. In 1895, the Englishman W. Ramsay isolated a gas from the natural radioactive ore of claveite, in the spectrum of which the same D3 line was present. Lockyer gave the new element a name reflecting the history of its discovery (from the Greek sun).
8. The name of this gas comes from the Greek word “hidden”, due to the difficulty of obtaining it.
9. In 1898, the British scientists W. Ramsay and M. Travers discovered a new gas in the spectral study of the remnants of slowly evaporating liquid air. According to legend, the name of the new element was given by the twelve-year-old son of Ramsay: seeing an unusual bright red radiation emitted by a substance in a tube for spectral analysis, he cheerfully shouted: “New! New!
10. This gas was discovered in 1772 by the Scottish scientist D. Rutherford as part of the combustion products of coal, sulfur and phosphorus. It was called “suffocating air” as unfit for breathing and burning. The French chemist A. L. Lavoisier came to the conclusion that the “suffocating” gas is part of the atmospheric air, and proposed a name for it from the Greek. lifeless.
11. Wandering lights, also marsh lights, “demon lights” are rare natural phenomena observed at night in swamps, fields and cemeteries.
Their unpredictable and mysterious appearance has long caused superstition. Swamp lights in ancient times intimidated travelers, they are observed in our time. The scientific explanation for this mysterious phenomenon is the spontaneous combustion of two gaseous phosphorus compounds. Name them.
12.... Then I heard a bad smell,
Like a rotten egg broke,
Or the quarantine guard smoked sulfur roast.
I, holding my nose, turned my face away.
This is an excerpt from a poem by A.S. Pushkin, written in 1832. What is the smell of “rotten eggs”? Why is it called an insidious gas?
13. Swamp gas is a colorless gas with a weak but unpleasant odor that is released from the bottom of standing water bodies as a result of rotting silt and other residues of plant and animal origin. Name the composition of the swamp gas.
14. This gas belonging to the class of alkenes is used for the ripening of tomatoes, bananas, citrus fruits, persimmons and other fruits and vegetables. Name him.
15. In 1862, the famous German chemist Friedrich Wehler tried to obtain some metal by sintering its oxide with coal. The result was a gray mass, which, according to Wehler, was not suitable for anything. The scientist threw it in a garbage dump. What was his surprise when in the rain from the garbage heap began to emit gas, burning smoking flames. What gas did F. Wöhler discover?
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Answers:
1. Nitrogen oxide (I), nitrous oxide, "laughing" gas.
2. Sulfur oxide (IV), sulfur gas.
3. Carbon monoxide (IV), carbon dioxide.
4. Hydrogen.
5. Fluoride.
6. Chlorine.
7. Helium.
8. Krypton.
9. Neon.
10. Nitrogen.
11. Phosphine, diphosphine.
12. Hydrogen sulfide. At high concentrations, a single inhalation can cause instant death. At low concentrations, the unpleasant smell of “rotten eggs” quickly becomes addictive, and it ceases to be felt.
13. The main component is methane. It contains small amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
14. Ethylene, Eten.
15. Acetylene, ethin.
Literature:
Interesting tasks and effective experiments in chemistry / B.D. Stepin, L.Y. Alikberova. Drofa, 2002.
Internet resources:
https:/ /www.alhimikov.net/otkritie_elementov/elementy.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%B7
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C1%EB%F3%E6%E4%E0%FE%F9%E8%E5_%EE%E3%ED%E8
